Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed, 4-stroke cycle diesel engine

May start and end anywhere
Fuel injection starts at just before top dead center and ends just after top dead center
Fuel injection starts at top dead center and ends at 20° after top dead center
Fuel injection starts at 10° before top dead center and ends at 20° after top dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
The fuel valve in a four stroke cycle diesel engine

May open and close anywhere
Opens at 15° after top dead center and closes at 20° before bottom dead center
Opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center
Opens at 15° before top dead center and closes at 20° after top dead center

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