Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle diesel engine, the compression

Starts at 40° after bottom dead center and ends at 10° before top dead center
May start and end anywhere
Starts at 40° before top dead center and ends at 40° after top dead center
Starts at top dead center and ends at 40° before bottom dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
The injector nozzle of a compression ignition engine is required to inject fuel at a sufficiently high pressure in order to

All of these
Ensure that penetration is not high
Inject fuel in a chamber of high pressure at the end of compression stroke
Inject fuel at a high velocity to facilitate atomization

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Internal Combustion Engines
Detonation is harmful due to

High intensity of knock causes crankshaft vibration and the engine runs rough
None of these
Excessive turbulence which removes most of the insulating gas boundary layer from the cylinder walls
Increase in the rate of heat transfer, there is a reduction in the power output and efficiency of the engine

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