Electrical Machines
In a dc machine, the demagnetizing effect of armature reaction is due to

 component of armature mmf along field axis
 uneven air-gap length
 non-sinusoidal nature of armature mmf
 magnetic saturation in half of the field pole

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Electrical Machines
If two 8-pole dc machines of identical armature sare wound, one with lap winding and the other with wave winding, then

 lap-wound machine will have more rated voltage and more current
 wave-wound machine will have more rated current and more voltage
 wave-wound machine will have more rated voltage and less current
 lap-wound machine will have more rated voltage and less current

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