Irrigation Engineering
If the straight sides of a triangular section of a lined canal with circular bottom of radius R, make an angle θ with horizontal, the perimeter of the canal is

R (θ + cos θ)
2R (θ + tan θ)
2R (θ + cos θ)
R (θ + tan θ)

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Irrigation Engineering
A counter berm is

A vertical benching provided on the inner edge of the bank
A vertical benching provided on the outer edge of the bank
A horizontal benching provided on the inside slope
A horizontal benching provided on the outside slope

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