Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
When an ideal fluid flows past a sphere

lowest pressure intensity occurs at front stagnation point
lowest pressure intensity occurs at rear stagnation point
total drag is zero
highest intensity of pressure occurs around the circumference at right angles to flow

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a wholly drowned orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of water (on the upstream side) above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of water (on the downstream side) above the bottom of the orifice, and H = Difference between two water levels on either side of the orifice)

Q = Cd × bH2 × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH₁ × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × b (H2 - H1) × √(2gh)

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