Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The overall efficiency of a reaction turbine is the ratio of

Power produced by the turbine to the energy actually supplied by the turbine
None of these
Actual work available at the turbine to the energy imparted to the wheel
Work-done on the wheel to the energy (or head of water) actually supplied to the turbine

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In an inward flow reaction turbine

The water enters the wheel at the outer periphery and then flows towards the center of the wheel
The water enters at the center of the wheel and then flows towards the outer periphery of the wheel
The flow of water is partly radial and partly axial
The water flows parallel to the axis of the wheel

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
When an ideal fluid flows past a sphere

lowest pressure intensity occurs at rear stagnation point
total drag is zero
lowest pressure intensity occurs at front stagnation point
highest intensity of pressure occurs around the circumference at right angles to flow

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