Electrical Machines
A 3- phase synchronous motor can operate over a wide range of power factors i.e. from lagging to leading power factor. This is achieved by

 changing the field excitation.
 varying the applied voltage.
 changing the load.
 varying the speed.

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Electrical Machines
In dc machines, the field system has to be provided on stator unlike synchronous machines Where in it could be on any member, because

 it reduces field structure iron losses
 dc machines are comparatively low rating machines.
 commutator action is not possible otherwise
 it gives more uniform air-gap flux distribution

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