Internal Combustion Engines
Compression ratio of I.C. Engines is

Volume displaced by piston per stroke and clearance volume in cylinder
Ratio of pressure after compression and before compression
The ratio of volumes of air in cylinder before compression stroke and after compression stroke
Swept volume/cylinder volume

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed, 4-stroke cycle diesel engine

Fuel injection starts at just before top dead center and ends just after top dead center
Fuel injection starts at 10° before top dead center and ends at 20° after top dead center
May start and end anywhere
Fuel injection starts at top dead center and ends at 20° after top dead center

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