Internal Combustion Engines
The exhaust valve in a four stroke cycle petrol engine

Opens at 50° after bottom dead center and closes at 15° before top dead center
Opens at 50° before bottom dead center and closes at 15° after top dead center
May open and close anywhere
Opens at bottom dead center and closes at top dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed 4-stroke cycle diesel engines

May open and close anywhere
Exhaust valve opens just after bottom dead center and closes just before top dead center
Exhaust valve opens at 35° before bottom dead center and closes at 20° after top dead center
Exhaust valve opens at bottom dead center and closes at top dead center

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