Theory of Machine
When the load on the engine increases, it becomes necessary to increase the supply of working fluid and when the load decreases, less working fluid is required. The supply of the working fluid to the engine is controlled by a

D-slide valve
Flywheel
Governor
Meyer's expansion valve

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Theory of Machine
Two heavy rotating masses are connected by shafts of lengths l₁, l₂ and l₃ and the corresponding diameters are d₁, d₂ and d₃. This system is reduced to a torsionally equivalent system having uniform diameter d = d₁ of the shaft. The equivalent length of the shaft is

l = l₁ + l₂.(d₁/d₂)⁴ + l₃.(d₁/d₃)⁴
l = l₁ + l₂.(d₁/d₂)³ + l₂.(d₁/d₃)³
l₁ + l₂ + l₃
(l₁ + l₂ + l₃)/3

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