Machine Design
When a nut is tightened by placing a washer below it, the bolt will be subjected to following type of loads

Compression
Tension
Shear
Combined loads

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Machine Design
A bolt of M 24 × 2 means that

The pitch of the thread is 24 mm and depth is 2 mm
Cross-sectional area of the threads is 24 mm²
The nominal diameter of bolt is 24 mm and pitch is 2 mm
The effective diameter of bolt is 24 mm and there are 2 threads per cm

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