Theory of Machine
The two parallel and coplanar shafts are connected by gears having teeth parallel to the axis of the shaft. This arrangement is known as

Spiral gearing
Bevel gearing
Helical gearing
Spur gearing

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Theory of Machine
Open pairs are those which have

Surface contact between the two elements when in motion
Two elements that permit relative motion
Point or line contact between the two elements when in motion
Elements of pairs not held together mechanically

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Theory of Machine
Two pulleys of radii r₁ and r₂ and at distance x apart are connected by means of a cross belt drive. The length of the belt is

π (r₁ - r₂) + [(r₁ + r₂)²/x] + 2x
π (r₁ + r₂) + [(r₁ - r₂)²/x] + 2x
π (r₁ - r₂) + [(r₁ - r₂)²/x] + 2x
π (r₁ + r₂) + [(r₁ + r₂)²/x] + 2x

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Theory of Machine
For dynamic balancing of a shaft

The net dynamic force acting on the shaft is equal to zero
The net couple due to the dynamic forces acting on the shaft is equal to zero
Both (A) and (B)
None of these

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