Heat and Mass Transfer
The thermal diffusivities for gases are generally

Less than those for liquids
More than those for solids
More than those for liquids
Dependent on the viscosity

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Heat and Mass Transfer
The time constant of a thermocouple is

Determined by the time taken to reach 100°C from 0°C
The time taken to attain 50% of the value of initial temperature difference
The time taken to attain 63.2% of the value of initial temperature difference
The time taken to attain the final temperature to be measured

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Heat and Mass Transfer
Fourier's law of heat conduction is (where Q = Amount of heat flow through the body in unit time, A = Surface area of heat flow, taken at right angles to the direction of heat flow, dT = Temperature difference on the two faces of the body, dx = Thickness of the body, through which the heat flows, taken along the direction of heat flow, and k = Thermal conductivity of the body)

k. A. (dT/dx)
k. A. (dx/dT)
k. (dx/dT)
k. (dT/dx)

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Heat and Mass Transfer
A steam pipe is to be lined with two layers of insulating materials of different thermal conductivities. For the minimum heat transfer,

The better insulation must be put outside
One should take into account the steam temperature before deciding as to which insulation is put where
The better insulation must be put inside
One could place either insulation on either side

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Heat and Mass Transfer
According of Kirchhoff's law

Radiant heat is proportional to fourth power of absolute temperature
Emissive power depends on temperature
Ratio of emissive power to absorptive power for all bodies is same and is equal to the emissive power of a perfectly black body
Emissive power and absorptivity are constant for all bodies

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