Electrical Machines
The synchronous motor can be started by

  coupling it with a DC compound motor.
  providing damper winding in its rotor circuit.
  coupling it with a small AC induction motor called the pony motor.
  any of the above methods.

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Electrical Machines
In case of 3 - Φ IM, plugging means

  locking of rotor due to harmonics.
  starting the motor on load which is more than the rated load.
  interchanging two supply phases for quick stopping.
  pulling the motor directly on line without a rotor.

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