Microprocessor
The relation among IC (Instruction Cycle), FC (Fetch cycle) and EC (Execute Cycle) is

 IC = FC + EC
 IC = FC + 2EC
 IC = FC - EC
 EC = IC + FC

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Microprocessor
Cycle stealing mode of DMA operation involves

 DMA controller taking over the address, data and control buses while a block of data is transferred between memory and I/O device
 The DMA control waiting for the microprocessor to finish execution of the program and then takes over the buses
 While the microprocessor is executing a program an interface circuit takes over control of address, data, control buses when not in use by microprocessor
 Data transfer takes place between the I/O device and memory during every alternate clock cycle

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