Water, pH and Macromolecules
The pH of a solution is determined by

environmental effect
relative concentration of acids and bases
concentration of salt
dielectric constant of the medium

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Water, pH and Macromolecules
Buffer solutions

will always have a pH of 7
are rarely found in living systems
tend to maintain a relatively constant pH.
cause a decrease in pH when acids are added to them.

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Water, pH and Macromolecules
Hydrogen bonds and hydrophilic interactions are types of

strong chemical bonds that hold together the atoms within a molecule
strong chemical bonds that link together separate molecules
weak chemical bonds that hold together the atoms within a molecule
weak chemical bonds that link together separate molecules

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