Heat and Mass Transfer
The logarithmic mean temperature difference (tm) is given by (where Δt1 and Δt2 are temperature differences between the hot and cold fluids at entrance and exit)

tm = loge (Δt1 - Δt2)/ Δt1/Δt2
tm = loge (Δt1/Δt2)/ (Δt1 - Δt2)
tm = tm = (Δt1 - Δt2) loge (Δt1/Δt2)
tm = (Δt1 - Δt2)/ loge (Δt1/Δt2)

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Heat and Mass Transfer
Film coefficient is defined as Inside diameter of tube

Film coefficient × Inside diameter Thermal conductivity
Thermal conductivity Equivalent thickness of film Specific heat × Viscosity
Equivalent thickness of film
Thermal conductivity Molecular diffusivity of momentum Thermal diffusivity

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