Surveying
The latitude of a place was obtained by subtracting the declination of a star from its zenith distance, the observed star was between

Zenith and pole
Equator and zenith
Horizon and equator
Pole and horizon

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Surveying
Theodolite is an instrument used for

measurement of horizontal angles only
measurement of vertical angles only
tightening the capstan-headed nuts of level tube
measurement of both horizontal and vertical angles

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