Surveying
The latitude (λ) of a place and the altitude (α) of the pole are related by

λ = 90° - α
λ = α - 90°
λ = 180° - α
λ = α

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Surveying
Dumpy level is most suitable when

the instrument is to be shifted frequently
fly levelling is being done over long distance
many readings are to be taken from a single setting of the instrument
All of these

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