Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The jet ratio is defined as the ratio of the

Diameter of Pelton wheel to the diameter of jet
Diameter of jet to the diameter of Pelton wheel
Velocity of Pelton wheel to the velocity of jet
Velocity of jet to the velocity of Pelton wheel

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Mechanical efficiency of a centrifugal pump is the ratio of

Energy supplied to the pump to the energy available at the impeller
Energy available at the impeller to the energy supplied to the pump by the prime mover
Manometric head to the energy supplied by the impeller per kN of water
Actual work-done by the pump to the energy supplied to the pump by the prime mover

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Cavitation will begin when

flow is increased
pressure is increased
the pressure at any location reaches an absolute pressure equal to the saturated vapour pressure of the liquid
pressure becomes more than critical pressure

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In open channels, the specific energy is the

Total energy measured with respect to the datum passing through the bottom of the channel
Kinetic energy plotted above the free surface of water
Total energy measured above the horizontal datum
Total energy per unit discharge

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