Electrical Machines
The introduction of interpoles in between the main poles improves the performance of a dc machine, because

 a counter-emf is induced in the coil undergoing commutation
 the interpoles produce additional flux to augment the developed torque
 the flux waveform is improved with reduction in harmonics
 the inequality of air-gap flux on the top and bottom halves of the armature is removed

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Electrical Machines
In case of 3 - Φ IM, plugging means

  locking of rotor due to harmonics.
  interchanging two supply phases for quick stopping.
  starting the motor on load which is more than the rated load.
  pulling the motor directly on line without a rotor.

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