Machine Design
The backlash for spur gears depends upon

Tooth profile
Both module and pitch line velocity
Pitch line velocity
Module

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Machine Design
According to I.B.R., when the thickness of boiler shell (t) is greater than 8 mm, then the diameter of rivet hole (d) is obtained by

Equating shearing resistance to the crushing resistance of the rivets
Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the crushing resistance of the rivets
Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the shearing resistance of the rivets
None of these

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