Electrical Machines
The air gap between the yoke and armature is dc machine is kept very small

All of these
 to avoid over heating.
 to achieve a stronger magnetic field.
 to avoid locking of the armature.

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Electrical Machines
The introduction of interpoles in between the main poles improves the performance of a dc machine, because

 a counter-emf is induced in the coil undergoing commutation
 the flux waveform is improved with reduction in harmonics
 the interpoles produce additional flux to augment the developed torque
 the inequality of air-gap flux on the top and bottom halves of the armature is removed

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Electrical Machines
The 3 - Φ induction motors are, by a very considerable margin, the most widely used AC motors as

  they have very good speed regulation.
  they are capable of operation under range of leading and lagging pf.
  they have maximum efficiency and maximum starting torque.
  these are cheaper in cost, simple and rugged in construction.

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