Process Control and Instrumentation
Radiation pyrometers as compared to thermocouples

Can't measure the temperature of moving objects
Has a slower speed of response
Is more affected by corrosive atmosphere
Can measure higher temperature

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Process Control and Instrumentation
Temperature control of an exothermic chemical reaction taking place in a CSTR is done with the help of cooling water flowing in a jacket around the reactor. The types of valve and controller action to be recommended are

Air to close valve with the controller direct acting
Air to close valve with the controller indirect acting
Air to open valve with the controller direct acting
Air to open valve with the controller indirect acting

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Process Control and Instrumentation
Thermodynamic celcius scale of temperature measurement is

Both A&B Here
Having an interval of 100° between ice point to steam point
Defined on the basis of melting point of ice and evaporation temperature of water vapor
Having an interval of 100° between ice point to steam point

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