CELL SIGNALLING AND TRANSDUCTION QUIZ

phosphodiesterase C

lipokinase

phosphokinase C

phospholipase C

kinase; receptor; proteases

signaling molecule; target cell; receptors

signaling molecule; receptor; G proteins

signaling molecule; target cell; G proteins

hormones

none of these

both (a) and (b)

neurotransmitters

Its receptor is located in the cytosol of the target cell

It is a steroid

It might trigger a signal cascade that causes some effect in a cell

Since it can enter the cell, it directly affects some specific cell process

They become activated when bound to GDP

They must be active before the cell can make needed cAMP

They bind to and are regulated by guanine nucleotides

They are involved in signal cascades

cGMP

DAG

cAMP

All of these

reduced blood pressure

All of these

relaxation of smooth muscle cells

the release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells

They block the normal functioning of signal transduction mechanisms

They prevent the production of key signaling molecules

They alter the chemical structure of key signaling molecules

They destroy the receptors for key signaling molecules

Signal transduction

Signal integration

Signal amplification

Signal reception

changes the shape and thus the enzymatic activity of the proteins involved

makes the receptor more likely to capture the signaling, molecule

None of these

allows hydrophilic signaling molecules to cross the plasma membrane