Process Equipment and Plant Design
Seamless pipe is made

By forging a solid round, piercing it by simultaneously rotating & forcing it over a piercer point and further reducing it by rolling gas drawing
By extrusion & casting into static and centrifugal molds
From rolled strips formed into cylinders and seam-welded
Both B and C

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger for a given heat transfer surface area, smaller diameter tubes are favoured as compared to larger diameter ones ; because the smaller diameter tubes

Are less prone to fouling
None of these
Are easier to clean
Can be fitted into a smaller shell diameter hence the cost of the heat exchanger would be less

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