Microwave Communication
Oscillators of a klystron tube are maintained

By feedback between the accelerating grid and the repeller
By circulating bunches of electrons within the cavities.
By bunches of electrons passing the cavity grids
By plate-to-cathode feedback

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Microwave Communication
As the electron beam moves through a klystron’s intercavity drift space

Velocity modulation at the input cavity creates density modulation at the output cavity
Density modulation at the input cavity creates velocity modulation at the output cavity
Phase modulation at the input cavity creates velocity modulation at the output cavity.
Frequency modulation at the input cavity creates velocity modulation at the output cavity

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Microwave Communication
The Gunn diode oscillator

Depends on the formation of charge domain
Is capable of generating continuous microwave power of the order of kilowatt
Operates over a positive resistance characteristic
Generates frequencies which are below 100 MHz

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Microwave Communication
The cavity resonator

Produces a frequency which is independent of the cavity size.
Has a low Q factor for narrow operation.
In a reflect klystron has its output taken from the reflector plate
Is equivalent to an LC resonant circuit

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