Physics
Microphone is a device which transforms the

Sound signal into current signal
Current signal into sound signal
Sound signal into light signal
Light signal into sound signal

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Physics
An integrated circuit is more advantages than a coventional circuit because

If a part of the integrated circuit fails the entire circuit is simply replaced
They make the electric equipments more reliable and easier for servicing
All listed here
A faulty part of a conventional circuit may be difficult to locate and repair

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