Process Equipment and Plant Design
Mc Cable Thiele method used for finding theoretical stages in a distillation column assumes that the

Liquid/vapor loading across the column remains constant
Trouton's rule is applicable
Sensible heat differences are small, because the temperature changes from tray to tray is small
All of these

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
The function of manholes provided in the shell of a distillation column is to

Keep a check on the liquid gradient over the plate by direct visual observation
Guard against foaming & entrainment by dumping antifoaming agent through it
All of these
Give access to the individual trays for cleaning, maintenance and installation

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