Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
In vapour compression refrigeration system, refrigerant occurs as liquid between

Compressor and evaporator
Compressor and condenser
Condenser and expansion valve
Expansion valve and evaporator

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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
The bypass factor, in case of sensible cooling of air, is given by (where td₁ = Dry bulb temperature of air entering the cooling coil, td₂ = Dry bulb temperature of air leaving the cooling coil, and td₃ = Dry bulb temperature of the cooling coil)

(td₂ -td₃)/( td₁ -td₃)
(td₁ -td₃)/( td₂ -td₃)
(td₃ -td₁)/( td₂ -td₃)
(td₃ -td₂)/( td₁ -td₃)

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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
In a vapour compression refrigeration system, a throttle valve is used in place of an expander because

The positive work in isentropic expansion of liquid is very small
It considerably reduces mass of the system
It leads to significant cost reduction
It improves the C.O.P., as the condenser is small

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