Process Equipment and Plant Design
In perforated plate towers, the

Total hole area may be around 6 to 15% of tower cross-sectional area
All of these
Pressure drop is less compared is similar bubble cap towers
Hole sizes may be around 1/8" or 3/16"

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a double pipe (concentric) heat exchanger, the hydraulic radius for heat transfer (for a fluid flowing through the annulus) would be

D₂ - D₁ (D₁ and D₂ are I.D. of inner and outer pipes respectively)
Same as that for fluid flow
More than that for fluid flow
Less than that for fluid flow

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