Mass Transfer
In gas-liquid contact operation, the number of ideal stages, N = (xa - xb)/(xb - x*b) . This is true when the stripping factor 'S' is

S < 1
S > 1
S = ∞
S = 1

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Mass Transfer
Priming in a distillation column

Is characterised by the presence of foam throughout the space between trays
Is desirable from point efficiency consideration
Reduces the overall pressure drop
Results from very low gas velocity

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