Mass Transfer
Flooding in a vapor-liquid contacting equipment occurs in a tray, when the pressure drop through a tray is __________ the liquid head available in the downcomer.

More than
Very much less
Same as
Less than

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Mass Transfer
Plate towers are preferred to packed towers, when large temperature changes are involved, because of the reason that the

None of these
Viscosity variation of the fluids may cause channeling/flooding
Pressure drop in the equipment will be very high
Packing may be crushed due to thermal expansion/contraction of the components of the equipments

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Mass Transfer
A distillation column with N plates is being operated under normal conditions. At some point of time, the operation is shifted to total reflux condition (i.e., no product and residue are being withdrawn and feed to the column is stopped). At the new steady state,

Reboiler load and condenser load are minimum
The top and bottom compositions are unchanged with and without total reflux
Composition of vapors and that of liquid do not vary throughout the column
The top and bottom compositions correspond to the maximum enrichment available

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