Electrical Machines
In DC generators, the brushes remain in contact with conductors which

 lie in the inter polar gaps.
 there is no hard and fast rule for this.
 lie under north pole.
 lie under south pole.

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Electrical Machines
The synchronous motor can be started by

  coupling it with a DC compound motor.
  any of the above methods.
  coupling it with a small AC induction motor called the pony motor.
  providing damper winding in its rotor circuit.

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