DC Generators
In dc generator, the constant losses is equal to

Mechanical losses
Stray losses
Stray losses plus shunt cu loss
None of the listed here

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DC Generators
When two D.C. series generators are running in parallel, an equalizer bar is used

So that two similar machines will pass approximately equal currents to the load
To increase the speed and hence generated e.m.f.
To reduce the combined effect of armature reaction of both machines
To increase the series flux

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