Electrical Machines
In an alternator the voltage generated per phase is proportional to

  frequency of waveform.
All of these
  number of turns in coil.
  flux per pole.

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Electrical Machines
In dc machines, the field system has to be provided on stator unlike synchronous machines Where in it could be on any member, because

 dc machines are comparatively low rating machines.
 it reduces field structure iron losses
 it gives more uniform air-gap flux distribution
 commutator action is not possible otherwise

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