Theory of Machine
In a steam engine, the earlier cut-off with a simple slide valve may be obtained by increasing the steam lap and the angle of advance of the eccentric but keeping constant the travel and lead of the valve, this method will

Cause withdrawing or throttling of steam
Reduce length of effective stroke of piston
All of the listed here
Reduce maximum opening of port to steam

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Theory of Machine
The contact ratio is given by

(Length of path of recess)/(Circular pitch)
(Length of the arc of approach)/cosφ
(Length of the arc of contact)/(Circular pitch)
(Length of the path of approach)/(Circular pitch)

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Theory of Machine
The direction of Coriolis component of acceleration is the direction

Along perpendicular to angular velocity
Along the centripetal acceleration
Of relative velocity vector for the two coincident points rotated by 90° in the direction of the angular velocity of the rotation of the link
Along tangential acceleration

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Theory of Machine
Higher pairs are those which have

Two elements that permit relative motion
Surface contact between the two elements when in motion
Elements of pairs not held together mechanically
Point or line contact between the two elements when in motion

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