DC Generators
In a D.C. machine stray loss is the sum of

Iron loss and mechanical loss
Armature copper loss and iron loss
Shunt field copper loss and mechanical loss
Total copper loss and mechanical loss

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DC Generators
When two D.C. generators are running in parallel an equalizer bar is used

So that the two identical machines will pass approximately equal currents to the load
To reduce the combined effect of armature reaction of both the machines
To increase the series flux
To increase the generated e.m.f.

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