Internal Combustion Engines
If V₁ is the jet velocity and V₀ is the vehicle velocity, then the propulsive efficiency of a rocket is given by

V₁/(V₀ + V₁)
[2(V₀/V₁)]/ [1 + (V₀/V₁)²]
V₀/(V₀ + V₁)
(V₀/V₁)/ [1 + (V₀/V₁)²]

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Internal Combustion Engines
Fuel consumption of diesel engines is not guaranteed at one quarter load because at such low loads

The friction is high
The small difference in cooling water temperature or in internal friction has a disproportionate effect
The friction is unpredictable
The engine is rarely operated

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