DC Motors
If the terminals of armature of D.C. motor are interchanged, this action will offer following kind of braking

Dynamic braking
Plugging
None of these
Regenerative

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DC Motors
As there is no back e.m.f. at the instant of starting a D.C. motor, in order to prevent a heavy current from flowing though the armature circuit

Armature is temporarily open circuited
A resistance is connected in series with armature
A high value resistor is connected across the field winding
A resistance is connected parallel to the armature

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