Machine Design
If T is the actual number of teeth on a helical gear and φ is the helix angle for the teeth, then formative number of teeth is written as

T/sec³φ
T sec²φ
T sec³φ
T cosecφ

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Machine Design
According to I.B.R., when the thickness of the boiler shell (t) is less than 8 mm, then the diameter of the rivet hole (d) is obtained by

Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the shearing resistance of the rivets
Equating shearing resistance to the crushing resistance of the rivets
Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the crushing resistance of the rivets
None of these

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