Machine Design
According to I.B.R., when the thickness of the boiler shell (t) is less than 8 mm, then the diameter of the rivet hole (d) is obtained by

Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the shearing resistance of the rivets
None of these
Equating shearing resistance to the crushing resistance of the rivets
Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the crushing resistance of the rivets

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Machine Design
The designation M 33 × 2 of a bolt means

Bolt of 33 mm nominal diameter having 2 threads per cm
Metric threads of 33 mm outside diameter and 2 mm pitch
Metric threads with cross-section of 33 mm
Metric threads of 33 numbers in 2 cm

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Machine Design
The contact ratio is the ratio of

Length of arc of approach to the circular pitch
Length of path of contact to the circular pitch
Length of arc of recess to the circular pitch
Length of arc of contact to the circular pitch

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