Machine Design
According to I.B.R., when the thickness of the boiler shell (t) is less than 8 mm, then the diameter of the rivet hole (d) is obtained by

Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the crushing resistance of the rivets
Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the shearing resistance of the rivets
None of these
Equating shearing resistance to the crushing resistance of the rivets

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Machine Design
The elasticity is the property of a material which enables it to

Resists fracture due to high impact loads
Regains its original shape after deformation when the external forces are removed
Draw into wires by the application of a tensile force
Retain deformation produced under load permanently

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