Building Construction
If (φ) is the angle of repose of soil of weight w kg/m3, the horizontal pressure p at a depth of h meters per metre length of wall, is

wh × √[(1 + sin φ)/(1 - sin φ)]
(wh/2) × [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]
wh × [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]
wh × √[(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]

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Building Construction
Two columns 50 cm × 50 cm and 60 cm × 60 cm carry 80 tonnes and 120 tonnes of loads respectively. The centre to centre distance between columns is 5.00 metres. The permissible bearing capacity of the soil is 20 t/m2. If the footing is not to project more than 25 cm beyond the outside of the smaller column, pick up the correct design parameters of the footing from the following:

Area of footing slab = 11.00 m2
The length of the foundation slab = 7.00 m
Distance of
G. of the loads from the smaller column = 3.00 m
All listed here

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