Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Coefficient of resistance is the ratio of

Actual discharge through an orifice to the theoretical discharge
Area of jet at vena-contracta to the area of orifice
Loss of head in the orifice to the head of water available at the exit of the orifice
Actual velocity of jet at vena-contracta to the theoretical velocity

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The depth of centre of pressure (h) for a vertically immersed surface from the liquid surface is given by (where IG = Moment of inertia of the immersed surface about horizontal axis through its centre of gravity, A = Area of immersed surface, and x = Depth of centre of gravity of the immersed surface from the liquid surface)

(IG/Ax̅) + x̅
(IG/Ax̅) - x̅
(Ax̅/IG) + x̅
(IG/x̅) - Ax̅

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