Surveying
For any star to be a circumpolar star, its

Declination must be 0°
Distance from the pole must be less than the latitude of the observer
Declination must be 90°
Hour angle must be 180°

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Surveying
Bowditch rule is applied to

an open traverse for graphical adjustment
determine the effect of local attraction
a closed traverse for adjustment of closing error
None of these

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Surveying
Which of the following errors can be eliminated by taking mean of bot face observations ?

error due to eccentricity of verniers
error due to line of collimation not being perpendicular to horizontal axis
error due to imperfect adjustment of plate levels
error due to imperfect graduations

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