Process Equipment and Plant Design
For annular flow of a fluid, the ratio of the equivalent diameter for pressure drop calculation to the equivalent diameter for heat transfer calculation is

D2/(d1 + d2)
(d1 + d2)/d1
D1/(d1 + d2)
(d1 + d2)/d2

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the use of valve tray, seive tray and bubble cap trays in continuous distillation column.

Maintenance cost for valve and seive trays are comparatively more than bubble cap tray due to their relatively complicated construction features
Murphree efficiency of all the three trays are nearly equal, however the peak efficiency is generally higher for seive and valve trays than the bubble cap
Bubble cap trays though most expensive are the best in situations, where low vapour rates is to be handled and a positive liquid seal is essential at all flow rates
Valve trays have the highest turn down ratio (i.e. the ratio of the highest to the lowest vapour flow rates) and thus provides the maximum flexible operating range

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
High pressure fluid in a shell and tube heat exchanger should preferably be routed through the

Shell side for large overall heat transfer co-efficient
Shell side, if the flow is counter-current and tube side if the flow is co-current
Shell side for smaller total pressure drop
Tubes to avoid the expansion of high pressure shell construction

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