Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pressure drop due to pipe fittings can be estimated by the equation, ΔP/p = 4f.Le/D.V2/2gc, where, Le = equivalent length of straight pipeline which will incur the same frictional loss as the fitting and D = diameter of the fitting. The value of Le/D (dimensionless) for 45° elbow and 180° close return bends would be respectively around

180 and 300
5 and 10
300 and 500
45 and 75

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the design of a basket type evaporator.

There is no central downtake
The tube bundle is suspended on bracket
Downtake is formed by the annular space between the bundle and the shell
It is used for high viscosity liquor having large rate of scaling

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