DC Motors
For a D.C. shunt motor if the excitation is changed

Torque will change but power will remain constant
Torque, power and speed, all will change
Torque will remain constant
Torque and power both will change

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DC Motors
As there is no back e.m.f. at the instant of starting a D.C. motor, in order to prevent a heavy current from flowing though the armature circuit

Armature is temporarily open circuited
A resistance is connected parallel to the armature
A resistance is connected in series with armature
A high value resistor is connected across the field winding

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