Process Control and Instrumentation
Emf developed by a thermocouple while measuring a temperature of 400°C is 22 mV. The type of thermocouple used is

Platinum-platinum+rhyodium
Iron-constantan
Platinum-rhodium
Chromel-alumel

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Process Control and Instrumentation
Temperature control of an exothermic chemical reaction taking place in a CSTR is done with the help of cooling water flowing in a jacket around the reactor. The types of valve and controller action to be recommended are

Air to open valve with the controller indirect acting
Air to open valve with the controller direct acting
Air to close valve with the controller indirect acting
Air to close valve with the controller direct acting

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