Process Control and Instrumentation
Continuous shell temperature measurement in a liquid-liquid heat exchanger is done by a

Thermocouple
Vapor pressure thermometer
Mercury in glass thermometer
Reistance thermometer

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Process Control and Instrumentation
Time constant is the

Time taken by the controlled variable to reach 63.2% of its full change
Time required by the measured variable to reach 63.2% of its ultimate change
Same as transportation lag
Same as dead time

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